System, method, and computer readable storage media for managing and processing golf data

ABSTRACT

A system, method and non-transitory storage medium to manage and process golf game data, golf player data, handicap data, golf team data, and golf course data so as to organize and manage team-based groups or golf leagues of extended duration where asynchronous golf game play during some periods and synchronous game play during other periods on real golf courses and potentially different golf courses is possible. Extensive grouping, scoring, and ranking of golf teams as well as qualification-based tournaments are provided so as to create previously unseen effects of creating a strong community of interest in golfing and increasing the enjoyment and frequency of golf play.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/057,777, filed on Oct. 18, 2013, which claims priority from U.S.Provisional Patent Application Nos. 61/716,398, filed on Oct. 19, 2012,and 61/868,775, filed on Aug. 22, 2013. The contents of theseapplications are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

BACKGROUND

Golf is a sport that has existed for at least five centuries. Golf isplayed outdoors on a course typically consisting of nine or 18 holes.For each hole, the objective is for the golfer to proceed from astarting position, the tee, to the placement of the golf ball in the cupor hole within a predetermined number of strokes, known as par. Eachmovement of the golf ball consists of striking the resting ball, astroke, with one of a series of clubs. By recording the number ofstrokes on each hole, a score for the individual golfer for each holeand for the overall round can be calculated.

The game of golf is primarily an individual sport, with each golfermeasuring his or her performance against the par established for everyhole and for the overall course. In the United States, a golfer'sability in relation to other golfers is most commonly measured by theUnited States Golf Association (USGA) handicap system, which establishesa HANDICAP INDEX for golfers based on an analysis of a golfer'sperformance in relation to par over multiple rounds. Approximately 4million of the 25.7 million golfers in the United States have anofficial USGA HANDICAP INDEX. Typically, it is the more advanced golferswho go through the process of posting at least five 18 hole rounds toestablish an official HANDICAP INDEX. Once a golfer has established aHANDICAP INDEX, the HANDICAP INDEX is used in combination with a USGASLOPE RATING that identifies the relative difficulty of a specific setof tees on a given course to establish a golfer's COURSE HANDICAP for aparticular course. For example, a golfer with a COURSE HANDICAP of 5could be expected to be able to score a 77 on a set of tees with aCOURSE RATING of 72. In the United States, only 10% of all golfers shootunder 90, and less than 2% shoot under 80. By comparison, the averagescore for golfers in the United States is 100 which would mean that thehandicap for an average golfer would be 28.

Given the difficulty of shooting at or near par on a consistent basisand the generally challenging nature of the game, efforts have been madeover the years to aid golfers during play, to provide analysis of theirperformance after play and to improve the overall golfing experience.

For example, various parties have devised GPS-enabled handheld devicesthat are carried by golfers during golf play. These devices serve twoprimary purposes. The first purpose of these devices is to providegolfers with distances to certain targets or obstacles on the course asthe golfer plays each hole. Some devices also provide an overview ofeach hole to allow golfers to scout the layout of a hole before teeingoff or during play. This is achieved through detailed graphic and/orvideo overviews showing the layout of the fairway and green, location ofthe pin, and other important terrain features. The second purpose ofthese devices is to allow golfers to record in detail their game play.With these two purposes, the GPS-enabled handheld devices improve golfgame play by allowing the golfer to be more informed during game playand providing a detailed analysis of the golfer's performance after gameplay.

Additionally, various parties have devised systems for allowingindividual golfers to challenge one another to a head-to-head match.Some of such systems award strokes to each player based on COURSEHANDICAP of each player, and net scores on one course are compared withpredicted net scores on the same course or on a virtual course based onscores achieved on another course. Depending on the system, the senderof the challenge may find the receiver of the challenge either throughan unorganized registry of golfers or by contacting a personalacquaintance directly through the system.

DRAWINGS

FIG. 01 is a high-level system diagram in accordance with an exemplaryembodiment.

FIG. 02 is a high-level diagram showing an exemplary embodiment withcomponents functioning on a golf course.

FIG. 03 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the golf league server.

FIG. 04 shows an interface that may be used to initially registergolfers in accordance with some exemplary embodiments.

FIG. 05 shows an interface that may be used to initially select a golfgame format, golf game length, and golf team size in accordance withsome exemplary embodiments.

FIG. 06 shows an interface that may be used to select the golf playersto be members of a golf team in accordance with some exemplaryembodiments.

FIG. 07 shows an interface that may be used to enter as well as displaygolf game data, handicap data, golf team data, and golf player data in aformat centered around a particular round of golf in accordance withsome exemplary embodiments.

FIG. 08 shows an interface that may be used to display ranking data inaccordance with some exemplary embodiments.

FIG. 09 shows an interface that may be used to select the display ofparticular ranking data in accordance with some exemplary embodiments.

FIG. 10 is a flow chart illustrating one exemplary embodiment of ascoring engine.

FIG. 11 is a flow chart illustrating one exemplary embodiment of aranking engine.

FIG. 12 is a flow chart illustrating one exemplary embodiment of atournament engine.

FIG. 13 is a heat map interface that may be used in accordance with someexemplary embodiments.

FIG. 14 illustrates an interface in which a points based scoring optionis shown in accordance with some exemplary embodiments.

FIG. 15 shows a score entry interface that is used for entering scoresfor all the players on a golf team in accordance with some exemplaryembodiments.

FIG. 16 illustrates a score entry interface in which a floating key padis displayed in accordance with some exemplary embodiments.

FIG. 17 illustrates a score entry interface that allows the user toenter the scores for the team after the round in accordance with someexemplary embodiments.

FIG. 18 illustrates a scorecard round summary interface in accordancewith some exemplary embodiments.

FIG. 19 illustrates a player scorecard interface in accordance with someexemplary embodiments.

FIGS. 20A-20D illustrate personalized ranking interfaces in accordancewith some exemplary embodiments.

FIG. 21 illustrates a scorecard menu interface which displays multiplerounds played by a team in accordance with some exemplary embodiments.

FIGS. 22A-22B illustrate group creation interfaces in accordance withsome exemplary embodiments.

FIGS. 23A-23C illustrate group joining interfaces in accordance withsome exemplary embodiments.

FIG. 24 illustrates a group viewing interface in accordance with someexemplary embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide various benefits to theplay of golf and to golf players as described below. For example,certain prior art systems attempt to improve the golfing experience onthe level of an individual, often experienced, golfer who is alreadymotivated to play and already plays with other experienced golfers. Itwould be beneficial to provide a system that creates interest in golfingthat would extend to beginner, infrequent, or experienced golfers toplay more regularly without each individual golfer feeling the pressureof being measured by each stroke on every hole.

FIG. 01 is a high-level system diagram in accordance with an exemplaryembodiment. In this system diagram, a variety of computing devicescommunicate using a variety of networking technologies to a pair ofservers where data and processing engines reside.

The embodiment of the disclosure in FIG. 01 contains a variety ofcomputing devices, 100, 104, and 108. These computing devices, which areshown as a handheld device 100, laptop computer 104, and desktopcomputer 108, can be used by golfers (not shown) to enter a variety ofdata (further discussed below). In addition to the computing devices100, 104, and 108 shown, cellular telephones, PDAs, and tablet computerswith conventional interfaces, such as touch screens, could be used.These computing devices are simply illustrations of computing devicescommonly used by individuals, and any other computer device capable ofreceiving input data from a golfer could be used.

The computing devices 100, 104, and 108 can communicate through avariety of networking technologies. In FIG. 01, the handheld device 100is shown communicating through a wireless cellular network andassociated device 102. The laptop computer 104 is shown communicatingthrough a wireless LAN and associated device 106. The desktop computer108 is shown communicating through a wired LAN and associated device110. In addition to the networking technologies and devices 102, 106,and 110 shown, other networking technologies such as Bluetooth, 802.11Wi-Fi, Ethernet, WiMAX, 2G cellular, 3G cellular, and 4G LTE cellularcan be used. These illustrations of networking technology and devices incommon use, and any other networking technology or device capable ofconnecting a computing device could be used.

The computing devices 100, 104, and 108 can communicate through thenetworking technologies and devices 102, 106, and 110 to a network 120.The network 120 may be a collection of networks, preferably includingthe Internet. However, any network or networks allowingintercommunication of the components as shown in the system diagram ofFIG. 01 can be used.

Also connected to the network 120 is the golf course data server 140.The golf course data server 140 has access to golf course data store142. Golf course data store 142 may reside in memory or on disk as partof the same server that is golf course data server 140. Golf course datastore 142 may also reside at a remote location to which the golf coursedata server 140 has access. Any of a variety of hardware and softwareconfigurations relating golf course data server 140 to golf course datastore 142 is possible, it only being required that the golf course dataserver 140 is able to provide data from the golf course data store 142via the network 120.

The golf course data store 142 contains data regarding particular golfcourses. Among other data that may reside in golf course data store 142,golf course difficulty information resides in the golf course data store142. This difficulty may come in a variety of forms including anumerical value representing the difficulty of play on a particular golfcourse relative to other golf courses. Examples of golf coursedifficulty information include USGA SLOPE RATING and USGA COURSE RATINGinformation. While any golf course difficulty information can be used indifferent embodiments of the present invention, exemplary embodimentsdiscussed herein will refer with frequency to the SLOPE RATING andCOURSE RATING information given the prevalence of those measures ofexperience and course difficulty in the golfing community. The golfcourse data store 142 also contains an identifier for each rating valueso as to relate it to a particular real-world golf course. The golfcourse data store 142 is capable of many configurations includingstorage at a single physical location or distribution across multiplephysical locations.

In some embodiments, when a player is ready to play a round, devices102, 104 and 108 may automatically identify nearby courses using GPSlocation services or other techniques known in the art. Once the playerselects the course he or she wants to play, the player may be promptedto select the tee box the player's team will play from and the hole theplayer would like to start on. In one embodiment, once a player has donethis, the player may be ready to play.

Also connected to network 120 is a golf league server 130. Golf leagueserver 130 has access to data store 132. Data store 132 may reside inmemory or on disk as part of the same server that is golf league server130. Data store 132 may also reside at a remote location to which golfleague server 130 has access. Any of a variety of hardware and softwareconfigurations relating golf league server 130 to data store 132 ispossible, it only being required that the golf league server 130 is ableto access the data residing in data store 132.

Golf league server 130 also contains scoring engine 134, ranking engine136, and tournament engine 138. Scoring engine 134, ranking engine 136,and tournament engine 138 may be software modules stored with and/orexecutable on golf league server 130. Scoring engine 134, ranking engine136, and tournament engine 138 may also be specialized hardware/softwareimplementations residing external to golf league server 130 but incommunication with golf league server 130 so as to perform scoring andranking operations on the data available at golf league server 130.

In the embodiment of FIG. 01, golfers may use the computing devices 100,104, and 106 to enter golf game data, golf player data, golf team data,and golf HANDICAP INDEX data. While many other examples of theseparticular classes of data are discussed later, a simple example of agolfer entering data of these classes can be given as follows. Forexample, a golfer begins by logging on to his desktop computer 108 athis home (or his handheld device 100, laptop computer 104 anywhere) andentering his name, age, gender, email address, city of residence, stateof residence, and zip code of residence. This data would be consideredgolf player data. The golfer enters other golf player data as describedelsewhere. The golfer then looks up and identifies three individuals whohave also entered their information into the system and selects them toform a team. The matching of these individuals as a team would beconsidered golf team data. The golfer may additionally add his personalgolf HANDICAP INDEX, which would be considered golf handicap data.Continuing this example, the golfer and his team may later play a roundof golf. The golfer then enters data relating to that day's round ofgolf. This data may include the golf course played, the number of holesplayed, the number of strokes for each golfer on each hole, the physicallocations of each resting spot of each golfer's ball through the courseof the day, the clubs used, the type of scoring system used, and theparticular resting positions chosen based on the scoring system used.Any and all of this data would be considered golf game data in thiscontext. Information specific to the course played may be determined byidentifying the player's location, for example, using a GPS enabledhandheld device In some embodiments, a golfer or a person who does notparticipate in the game may enter the data pertaining to all the golfersin a team, including the data for the golfer himself or herself if it isthe golfer entering the data. For example, the person may enter thescore or the number of strokes on each hole that each golfer on the teamhas played. In other embodiments, each golfer may enter the datapertaining to the golfer himself or herself. For example, a golfer mayenter the score or the number of strokes for each hole this golfer hasplayed. In these embodiments, aspects of this disclosure can be used forindividual competition in which each golfer is ranked as individual (andnot just as part of a team) and each golfer may only enter his or herown scores. In various embodiments, the score entry can be achieved orimplemented via different interfaces on the devices 100, 104 or 108,which will be described herein, for example, with reference to FIGS.15-17.

The data entered by the golfer passes via networking technologies anddevices 102, 106, and 110 and via network 120 to golf league server 130.Golf league server 130 stores the data in data store 132.

Either on a real-time streaming basis, a periodic basis, or anevent-triggered basis, scoring engine 134 and ranking engine 136recalculate scores and ranks respectively using the previous and newdata in data store 132. The scoring engine 134 and ranking engine 136may require data from golf course data store 142, such as USGA SLOPERATING and/or USGA COURSE RATING. In such a situation, golf leagueserver 130 would retrieve the necessary data from golf course data store142 via communication with golf course data server 140. In an exemplaryapproach, scoring engine 134 first processes the new golf game data indata store 132 using data in golf course data store 142 in order toproduce scores that are normalized for the differences in difficultybetween all of the courses for which golf game data is available.Continuing the exemplary approach, ranking engine 136 then processes thenormalized scores, both new and pre-existing, to create rankinginformation for the golf teams.

Ranking engine 136 may produce ranking information in a variety offorms. As an example of a simplistic ranking approach, ranking engine136 may produce a numerical rank for each golf team beginning with rank‘1’ for the highest ranked golf team to rank ‘n’ for the lowest rankedgolf team, where there are ‘n’ golf teams setup in the system. Moreadvanced ranking approaches are also possible.

As another exemplary ranking approach, ranking engine 136 may divide thegolf teams into non-overlapping groups based on the collective golfplayer data of each golf team, and then assign a sequential ranking toall golf teams in each group independently. For example, the rankingengine may create a group of golf teams for each state in the UnitedStates, where all golf team members must have the same state as theirclub affiliation. Based on this division of golf teams, ranking engine136 would create a separate ranking for each state. As clarification,this approach would create 50 first place and 50 last place teams.

As another exemplary ranking approach closely related to the previous,ranking engine 136 may leave the initial whole set of golf teams intactand then create in parallel various groups of golf teams that aresubsets of the initial whole set of golf teams, where each subset wouldreceive a ranking independent of the ranking of the initial whole set ofgolf teams. As an example of this, a golf team may be allowed todesignate a college to which the group has an affinity, such as acollege which all of the golfers attended. In this exemplary situation,the ranking engine 136 would create a ranking to cover the entire set ofall golf teams. Ranking engine 136 would then create a subset of golfteams for each college designation and then create an independentranking for each of those subsets of golf teams. As clarification, aparticular golf team in this approach may be ranked 56th across theentire set of all golf teams, 1st in the Xavier University affinitygroup, and have no ranking in the University of Cincinnati affinitygroup as the golf team did not designate that college as one of itsaffinity groups.

It should be clear from these examples and based on the many data pointsthat the system may have available that ranking engine 136 may implementmany different varieties of rankings. Useful rankings may includerankings based on state, geographic region, skill level, age, gender,and affinity group. These though, are simply examples and many otherrankings can be used.

Furthermore, it should be clear from these examples that the groups forindependent rankings can be structured with respect to one another inmany different ways. As shown in the examples above, a single group canbe used, non-overlapping groups can be used, and subsets overlapping theoriginal full set can be used. Other useful structures may includehierarchical structures where a group contains subsets that are groupswhich themselves may contain further subsets that are groups. Thisscenario could be seen in a hierarchical structure progressing fromspecificity to generality as golfcourse/county/region/state/national/international. This and otherexamples however are simply shown to assist in understanding, and manyother grouping structures can be used.

In some embodiments, tournament engine 138 processes on a periodic basisto organize tournaments among golf teams. While tournament engine 138may create these tournaments in a variety of fashions and at a varietyof times, one exemplary tournament engine may create a tournament foreach group of golf teams having an independent ranking at the end of anextended league of play for those golf teams. In this exemplaryembodiment, tournament engine 138 may require a minimum rank for a golfteam to qualify for entry into the tournament for a group of golf teams.Tournament engine 138 may create a secondary tournament based on golfteams finishing at a sufficiently high enough position in thetournaments for the groups of golfers. This secondary tournament mayresult in a single golf team being recognized as the champion of somegroup of golf teams or all groups of golf teams. Beyond these exemplaryembodiments, tournament engine 138 may construct tournaments in manydifferent fashions and with many different qualification requirements.The structure of groups of golf teams as previously described may play arole in the creation of tournament by tournament engine 138.

In order to provide feedback on golf play to golf teams as well as tofoster a competitive golf community, golf league server 130 may providescore information and rank information as generated by scoring engine134 and ranking engine 136 respectively to golfers via computing devices100, 104, and 108. This data may be provided via a webpage or any othersuitable technology that allows golfers to use readily availablecomputing devices to review the results of game play and the effect ofthat game play on rankings as provided by golf league server 130.

To further illustrate how the exemplary embodiment system of FIG. 01might function, FIG. 02 shows a subset of that system in a differentsetting.

In FIG. 02, a golfer that is part of a golf team 200 is using handhelddevice 100 while on a golf course. Handheld device 100 is as describedin FIG. 01. In particular, handheld device 100 is at least capable ofreceiving entry of golf game data, such as golf ball resting positionfor each golf ball of each golf player of the golf team throughout playof a round of golf. The golfer may interact with a software applicationor a website on handheld device 100, or with any other interface thatallows the capabilities just mentioned.

Handheld device 100 is in communication with satellite 210. Thissatellite may be a GPS satellite, in which case handheld device 100receives a signal from satellite 210 and at least one other GPSsatellite (not shown) in order to calculate a position of the handhelddevice 100 according to techniques known in the art. This positioninginformation can be used by handheld device 100 to record golf game data,e.g., the resting position of each golf ball when the handheld device100 is adjacent thereto.

The handheld device 100 is further in communication with wirelesscellular network and associated device 102 which is in communicationwith network 120 with which golf league server 130 is also incommunication. By way of this connection, handheld device 100 is able totransmit data to golf league server 130. In one exemplary situation,handheld device 100 is able to transmit golf game data in real-time togolf league server 130, which stores the golf game data in data store132 (from FIG. 01). In another exemplary situation, handheld device 100is able to store golf game data in a storage device therein containedduring the round of golf. Then, at the end of the round of golf,handheld device 100 is able to transmit the golf game data to golfleague server 130 either automatically or upon receiving a cue from thegolfer using handheld device 100.

Upon golf league server 130 receiving the full set of data for a roundof golf from handheld device 100, scoring engine 134 and ranking engine136 are able to proceed with their respective operations as elsewheredescribed. Upon completion of processing of scoring engine 134 andranking engine 136, the golfers may be able to view the new scoreinformation and ranking information either by way of handheld device 100or some other device not shown.

The system as operating in FIG. 02 shows one useful way that the systemmay be configured and operate. This only serves as an example and thesequence of events and the configuration of the system heretoforedescribed in reference to FIG. 02 is only one exemplary embodiment andnot meant to define or limit the full functionality of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 03 illustrates an alternative embodiment. As shown, the golf coursedata store 142 may be co-located with data store 132 on golf leagueserver 130. In this exemplary embodiment, golf course data store 142 mayfeasibly be located with golf league server 130 while still maintainingquality and consistency of the data thereon residing. If such aconfiguration is possible, the golf course data server 140 may beexcluded so as to simplify the communications and architecture of thesystem.

This modification to the exemplary embodiment system of FIG. 01 is meantto illustrate the various configurations that are possible. This issimply one exemplary configuration change and is not meant to limit thescope of other configuration changes that are possible.

An Exemplary Golfer Registration Interface

FIG. 04 shows an exemplary interface that may be used to initiallyregister golfers in some embodiments of the present disclosure. Thisexemplary interface (and others interfaces described herein) can run,for example, on devices 100, 104, and 108.

As shown, FIG. 04 contains an interface 400 that contains a variety offields, buttons, and information. In particular, interface 400 containsdata entry section 410. Data entry section 410 allows the entry of thename, gender, age, email address, city, state, and zip code for agolfer. This data would be considered golf player data as describedpreviously. Interface 400 may be sufficient to allow a golfer to beregistered in the system.

While particular data fields are shown in data entry section 410, itshould be clear that interface 400 could in other embodiments containsignificantly different data fields. These could include a useridentifier for the golfer, schools the golfer attended or attends, aparticular collegiate conference, a preferred home golf course,companies where the golfer works or has worked, the profession of thegolfer, the skill level of the golfer, the membership of the golfer in anon-profit organization, or any other information that expresses apersonal affinity of the golfer. This data would be considered golfplayer data. Other golf player data may also be enabled for entry oninterface 400. The golfer may also enter his personal golf HANDICAPINDEX, which would be considered golf handicap data. Any of these datapoints including those shown in data entry section 410 could also beentered on an interface that is different from interface 400. Other golfplayer data and handicap data could be entered using interface 400 otherthan that just mentioned.

An Exemplary Format Selection Interface

FIG. 05 shows an exemplary interface that may be used to initiallyselect a golf game format, golf game length, and golf team size in someembodiments of the present disclosure.

In some embodiments, a team can designate one person to act as a Captainto create a team, select a format, and indicate the team's scoring andranking preferences.

As shown, FIG. 05 contains an interface 500 that contains a variety offields, buttons, and information. In particular, interface 500 containsdata entry section 510. Data entry section 510 allows the entry of agolf game format selection. The illustration of FIG. 05 shows threecommon formats: scramble, shamble, and best ball. Any other golf gameformat may also be used. Interface 500 also contains data entry section520. Data entry section 520 allows the entry of a golf team sizeselection and a golf game length selection. FIG. 05 illustrates ascenario where the golf game length can be nine holes or 18 holes andthe golf team size can be two players or four players. Many othercombinations of golf team size and golf game length are possible.

While particular data fields are shown in data entry section 510 anddata entry section 520, it should be clear that interface 500 could inother embodiments contain different data fields or different modes ofentering data. The selection of golf team size and golf game length indata entry section 520 is one way in which such data can be entered.Other embodiments may allow entry of a golf team size selection separatefrom a golf game length selection. Other embodiments may not requiredirect entry of a golf team size selection, but instead determine golfteam size based on the number of other golf players added to aparticular golf team. Other embodiments may allow direct entry of othergolf team members on interface 500. Any of these data points includingthose shown in data entry section 510 and data entry section 520 couldalso be entered on an interface that is different from interface 500.

An Exemplary Team Selection Interface

FIG. 06 shows an exemplary interface that may be used to select the golfplayers to be members of a golf team in some embodiments of the presentdisclosure.

As shown, FIG. 06 contains an interface 600 that contains a variety offields, buttons, and information. In particular, interface 600 containsdata entry section 610. Data entry section 610 allows the entry of afirst name, last name and HANDICAP INDEX for a golf player. Interface600 also contains data entry section 620. Data entry section 620 allowsthe designation of the previously entered golfer as already registeredin the system or not already registered in the system. Data entrysection 620 further contains buttons to enable the sending of invites tothe designated golfer via various external systems, such as throughelectronic mail or social media websites. The invite may also be sentinternally to an already registered member in some embodiments. Theinvite may be an invite to join the particular golf team and/or aninvite to register in the system in some embodiments, depending onwhether the designated golfer is already registered in the system ornot. Many other data can be entered on interface 600 in otherembodiments.

In some embodiments, interface 600 may allow repeated entry of golferplayer information in data entry section 610 and data entry section 620.The repetition of this entry can be allowed so that all potentialmembers of the golf team can be designated. In some embodiments,interface 600 repeats as many times as necessary based on the golf teamsize previously specified, such as in interface 500. In otherembodiments, the golf team size is not specified in advance, andinterface 600 allows repeated entry of golfer information until the userchooses to stop doing so. In these embodiments, the number of golfersfor which information was entered can be used to determine the potentialgolf team size. Golf teams can be of many different sizes, though theyshould consist of two or more players to achieve the team aspect. Usefulteam sizes can be two players and four players, though these are onlyexamples.

In some embodiments, the designation of a potential team member asalready registered in the system in data entry section 620 allows theuse of further interfaces. In such embodiments, the designation of agolfer as already registered in the system may produce a new interfacethat shows other users already registered in the system that have afirst name and last name similar to those entered in data entry section610. Such an interface may also show the HANDICAP INDEX or other golfplayer information for each of the already registered users to allowpositive identification of the potential golf team member. Such aninterface may allow the selection of one of these already registeredusers as the desired golf team member and then correct other data fieldson interface 600, such as the HANDICAP INDEX, if such information isavailable and different from the information previously entered for thegolfer on interface 600. Such an interface may specially note if no suchregistered users with similar first name and last name exist.

In some embodiments, the system may use the HANDICAP INDEX valuesentered for each golfer that is a member of the golf team along with theUSGA SLOPE RATING to calculate the COURSE HANDICAP for each golfer onthe course they are playing. The system may also adjust each golfer'sCOURSE HANDICAP based on the COURSE RATING for the tees played. Theadjustment to the COURSE HANDICAP is described in more detail furtherherein. After calculating the individual COURSE HANDICAP and/or theadjusted course handicap for each player on that course, the system cancalculate a team golf handicap for that particular course. While such ateam golf handicap can be calculated in various fashions, one exemplarycalculation could be to add all of individual golf handicap valuestogether and then multiply the sum by 0.1 to produce a single golf teamhandicap. Other embodiments may produce a team handicap using intervalsof individual golfer handicaps. As an example, a team handicap could becalculated as the sum of modified individual golfer handicaps of theteam members where an individual handicap less than 10 is modified bymultiplying it by 0.2, an individual handicap between 10 and 19 ismodified by multiplying it by 0.15, an individual handicap between 20and 29 is modified by multiplying it by 0.1, and an individual handicapequal to or greater than 30 is modified by multiplying it by 0.05. Theseapproaches to calculating a team handicap may be useful for some formatssuch as scramble and shamble. In other formats, such as best ball, theindividual handicaps for each player may be used without theincorporation of a team handicap.

For embodiments where a team golf handicap is calculated, golf teams maybe placed into golf flights based on the team handicap values. Flightscan be useful for grouping golf teams with similar aggregate skill leveltogether, thus allowing competition and ranking against similarlyskilled golf teams. An example for the use of golf flights may create aflight A for all golf teams with a team handicap less than 10, flight Bfor all golf teams with a team handicap between 10 and 19, flight C forall golf teams with a team handicap between 20 and 29, and flight D forall golf teams with a team handicap equal to or greater than 30.

In one embodiment, if each player on a team has an official USGAHANDICAP INDEX, the team may be placed in a flight based on the overallTeam Handicap. If the players on a team do not have a USGA HANDICAPINDEX, the team may be placed in a flight based on the team's averagescores for the first three (or other numbers) rounds.

In some embodiments, interface 600 or a subsequent interface may allowselection of groups in which the golf team should be ranked. Thisselection may be based on any golf player data, handicap data, golf teamdata, or other data entered for the golf team members, or based on datanot directly entered for any of the golf team members. As an example,interface 600 or a subsequent interface may allow the selection of theXavier University affinity group and the Atlantic 10 Conference affinitygroup. When such selections are made, the golf team could then be rankedin the groups pertaining to those selections. In some embodiments, thesystem may analyze a team's performance once the team played for acertain number of the rounds on a course. Based on the team'sperformance, the system may place the team in a certain group. Forexample, high performance teams may be placed in the same group tocompete with each other.

While particular data fields are shown in data entry section 610 anddata entry section 620, it should be clear that interface 600 could inother embodiments contain different data fields or different modes ofentering data. Repetition of data entry section 610 and data entrysection 620 is one way of allowing entry of information for all golfersof a golf team. Other embodiments may present sufficient data entrysections all at the same time on interface 600 to allow entry of allgolfer information for the golf team. Any of these data points includingthose shown in data entry section 610 and data entry section 620 couldalso be entered on an interface that is different from interface 600.Other golf team data and handicap data could be entered using interface600 other than that just mentioned. While the foregoing discussion hastreated golfers as members of a particular golf team, some embodimentsmay allow golfers to be members of more than one golf team.

In other embodiments, interface 600 may allow a player to be matchedwith other players. For example, a player can enter his or her owninformation in the fields of interface 600 on devices 100, 104, or 108.In one embodiment, the player's information is transmitted to the golfleague server 130 which searches the data store 132 for matching teamplayers or teams based on various criteria, such as user preference(provided by each player), handicap data, location of the players,demographic data of the players. Once a matching player or team isselected, the golf league server 130 sends the selected player or teaminformation back to the devices 100, 104, and 108 to be displayed in theinterface 600. The player at the device 100, 104, or 108 can decidewhether to team with the selected player or team by making someselection, such as by selecting the “accept” or “decline” buttonsdisplayed in the interface 600. The process can repeat until the playerfinds suitable teammates or teams.

As described previously, in some embodiments, a team can designate oneperson to act as a Captain to create a team, select a format, andindicate the team's scoring and ranking preferences. Once the Captainhas created a team for example using an interface displayed on thedevices 100, 104 or 108, he or she can invite other players to join theteam by sending an invitation directly from the devices, such as usingan email or a form displayed in the interface. The invitation maycontain a link to the website where teammates will be able to sign up asmembers of the team.

FIGS. 22A-22B illustrate group creation interfaces 2200A-2000B inaccordance with some exemplary embodiments that can be displayed after agolfer is a member and has created or joined a team.

Referring to FIG. 22A, in one embodiment, a create or join optionsection 2205 is displayed that allows the user to choose whether tocreate a new group or join an existing group. If the golfer chooses tocreate a new group using the create or join option section 2205, thenvarious other sections are displayed to assist in creating a new group.Data entry section 2210 allows the user to enter the name of the newgroup to be created. Data selection section 2215 allows the user toselect whether or not the group is displayed to the general public ofusers and whether the general public can join or whether display of thegroup and entry into the group is privately controlled. Data selectionsection 2220 allows the user to select which team of which the user isalready a member will be added to the new group. Data selection section2225 allows the user to select the level of skill targeted for the newgroup. This level of skill selection need not be a mandatory requirementfor golfers and teams in the group, but rather this level of skill mayalso be a descriptive data point of the level of skill that isforeseeable for members of the group. As shown, some guiding informationmay be displayed below data selection section 2225 in order to assistthe user in selecting the most appropriate skill level. Data entrysection 2230 allows the user to enter descriptive information about thegroup in order to help other users to understand the targeted audienceof the group.

Referring to FIG. 22B, in one embodiment, a data display section 2235displays a confirmation message to the user informing the user that thegroup about which the user entered information has been created. Datadisplay section 2240 displays basic information about the group justcreated, such as the information discussed with respect to interface2200A. Data entry section 2245 allows the user to enter the emailaddresses of other golfers that he would like to invite to join the newgroup.

FIGS. 23A-23C illustrate group joining interfaces in accordance withsome exemplary embodiments that can be displayed after a golfer is amember and has created or joined a team.

Referring to FIG. 23A, in one embodiment, a create or join optionsection 2305 is displayed that allows the user to choose whether tocreate a new group or join an existing group. If the golfer chooses tocreate a new group using the create or join option section 2305, thenvarious other sections are displayed to assist in joining a group. Dataentry section 2310 allows the user to enter a part of the name ordescription of a group that he would like to join. Data selectionsection 2315 allows the user to choose the team of which he is already amember that he would like to add to the group. Referring to FIG. 23B,data entry/display section 2320 corresponding to the previously showndata entry section 2310 shows the user a list of groups with namesand/or descriptions matching the text entered by the user. Referring toFIG. 23C, data entry/display section 2325 corresponding to previouslyshown data/entry display section 2320 shows the user a particular groupmatching the search text entered by the user. As shown, additionalinformation pertaining to the matched group such as the group format maybe displayed below data/entry display section 2325. Upon completion ofthis selection and performance of some confirmation by the user, such asclicking a button on the screen, such as the ‘Next’ button shown, thesystem can add the selected team to the selected group.

FIG. 24 illustrates a group viewing interface in accordance with someexemplary embodiments that allows viewing of information about aparticular group. As shown, data display section 2405 displays the nameof the particular group about which information is being shown. Datadisplay section 2410 display various points of additional informationabout the group such as gender, scoring, team size, and number of holesfor the group. Data display section 2415 displays information aboutparticular golfers of interest in the group, such as the captain of thegroup. Data display section 2420 can display a picture that isassociated with the group. Data display section 2425 displaysinformation about the teams that are participating in the group. Datadisplay section 2430 can display information about the performance ofdifferent teams in the group. Data display section 2430 may showinformation such as team names, team ranks, team points, andweek-over-week change in team rank. Other information allowing golfersto see the relative performance of the teams in the group may bedisplayed.

Exemplary Scorecard Interfaces

FIG. 07 shows an exemplary interface that may be used to enter as wellas display golf game data, handicap data, golf team data, and golfplayer data in a format centered around a particular round of golf insome embodiments of the present disclosure. This round-centric displaycan be referred to as a scorecard.

As shown, FIG. 07 contains a interface 700 that contains a variety offields, buttons, and information. In particular, interface 700 containsdata display section 705. Data display section 705 displays the name ofthe golfers on the golf team and thumbnail images for the golfers on thegolf team.

Interface 700 contains data display section 710. Data display section710 displays the name of the golf team, the gross golf team score, andthe net golf team score.

Interface 700 contains data display section 715. Data display section715 displays the name of the golf course where the round of golf takesplace. Along with the golf course name, data display section 715 mayinclude the geographic location of the golf course, the golf courselogo, metrics relating to the difficulty of the golf course, and anyother information about the golf course that may be useful.

Interface 700 contains data display section 720. Data display section720 displays data relating to the format of golf play. In theillustration in FIG. 07, the golf play format is shown using gender,golf game format (best ball), golf game length, golf team size, and golfflight.

Interface 700 contains data display section 725. Data display section725 displays the handicaps for each of the golf team members.

Interface 700 contains data display section 730 and data display section735. Data display section 730 and data display section 735 display thegross score and net score respectively for each golfer on the golf team.

Interface 700 contains data display section 740. Data display section740 displays golf game data for the round of golf for the golf team. Asshown, data display section 740 may be organized to display data foreach hole to be played during the round of golf. The data displayed foreach hole may include par for the hole, the team handicap for the hole,the gross score for the team on the hole, the net score for the team onthe hole, and color coding for the scores above and below par. A varietyof other data points can be included in data display section 740.

For example, in one embodiment, the data display section 740 may includea points based option as a scoring option in order to appeal to a largenumber of golfers who do not have an official HANDICAP INDEX. One suchpoints based option is the Stableford scoring system. In the Stablefordscoring system, rather than counting the total number of strokes taken,as in stroke play, the system involves scoring points based on thenumber of strokes taken at each hole. For example, the Stableford systemmay award points based on the team's score on each hole. Unlike thetraditional stroke play where the goal is to have the lowest score, theobjective of Stableford scoring is to accumulate the highest number ofpoints. Stableford can have the added benefit of speeding up the pace ofplay. When it is no longer possible to score a point, a player does nothave to complete the hole but can simply pick up his/her ball andproceed to the next hole.

FIG. 14 illustrates a team scorecard interface 1400 which is a variationof the data display section 740 in FIG. 07 in which a points basedscoring option (e.g., the Stableford scoring) is shown. Referring toFIG. 14, in addition to the gross score 1405 and net score 1410 for theteam on each hole, exemplary Stableford points based on gross score 1415and Stableford points based on net score 1420 for the team on each holeare added to the interface. Interface 1400 is described further hereinin relation to FIGS. 18, 19, and 21.

Referring back to FIG. 07, interface 700 contains data display section745. Data display section 745 displays golf game data for the round ofgolf for each golfer on the golf team. As shown, data display section745 may be organized to display data for each hole to be played duringthe round of golf. The data displayed for each hole may include par forthe hole and each golfer's score for the hole. A variety of other datapoints can be included in data display section 745.

Interface 700 as described heretofore has simply been used as anillustration of one possible embodiment of a scorecard interface. Avariety of other scorecard interfaces differing from FIG. 07 can also beused, for example, as illustrated and described herein with reference toFIGS. 18, 19 and 21. Other golf game data could be entered usinginterface 700 other than that just mentioned.

FIG. 21 illustrates an example scorecard menu interface 2100 whichdisplays multiple rounds played by a team. In the example interfaceshown in FIG. 21, section 2105 may display the name of the team, and a“switch team” button 2110, when selected, may allow the round scorecardsof a different team to be displayed. Section 2115 may display theinformation of the team and the format. Data display section 2120 maydisplay multiple rounds played by the team. For example, in thisexemplary interface, 4 rounds played by the team from June 26 to July 08may be displayed. Arrows 2125A-2125D, when selected, may cause moreinformation of the respective rounds to be displayed. For example, whenthe arrow 2125D is selected, the 4th round information played by theteam Thunder99 on June 26 at Marsh Landing Country Club can bedisplayed. For instance, in one embodiment, interfaces 1800, 1400, or1900 in FIG. 18, 14, or 19 can be displayed when arrow 2125D isselected. Interface 2100 as described herein is illustration of somepossible embodiments. A variety of other round scorecards interfacesdiffering from the interface 2100 can also be used.

FIG. 18 illustrates a scorecard summary interface 1800 which displaysthe scorecard summary of a round for a team. For example, the scorecardsummary interface 1800 may display various fields that summarize theperformance of a team. In one embodiment, the scorecard summaryinterface 1800 may include multiple tabs, such as a scorecard summarytab 1805 indicating a summary for a given round on a given day, a teamscorecard tab 1810 indicating the scorecard for the team, and a playerscorecard tab 1810 indicating scorecard for each player on the team.Each of the tabs, when selected, may display the relevant data in thearea below. For example, as shown in FIG. 18, when the “ScorecardSummary” tab 1805 is selected, data display sections 1820, 1825, 1830,1835 can be displayed. Section 1820 may display the date information,the name of the golf club, the information of the golf course, forexample. Section 1825 may display information of the team andinformation of the round, for example. Section 1830 may display thegross score of the team for the round and section 1835 may display thenet score of the team for the round, for example. Interface 1800 asdescribed herein is illustration of some possible embodiments. A varietyof other scorecard summary interfaces differing from the interface 1800can also be used. For example, tabs 1805, 1810, and 1815 may be labeledwith other names.

FIG. 19 illustrates a player scorecard interface 1900 which displays thescores for each player on each hole for a given round. For example, whenthe player scorecard tab 1815 (described in FIG. 18) is selected, datadisplay section 1905 can be displayed. In one embodiment, data displaysection 1905 may include a row indicating each hole in the golf course,the par of each hole, and each player's score on each hole for theround. FIG. 19 shows holes 10-18. In some embodiment, an arrow (notshown) or a horizontal scroll bar (not shown) may be displayed, whichwhen selected, may display more data, such as data relevant to holes1-9, for example. In some embodiments, section 1905 can be used to enterthe players' scores.

In some embodiments, for example as shown in FIG. 19, some of theplayer's scores on certain holes are associated with asterisks (or othersymbols). In these embodiments, the asterisks may indicate holes onwhich players get strokes based on each player's COURSE HANDICAP or eachplayer's adjusted course handicap. The adjusted course handicap isdescribed in more detail further herein.

In some embodiments, the system may keep two versions of playerscorecard. One version would show each player's scores based on theplayer's COURSE HANDICAP and another version would show each player'sscores based on the player's adjusted course handicap. In someembodiments, the two versions of scorecards can be combined into onescorecard which would show players' scores based on COURSE HANDICAP andadjusted course handicap.

Interface 1900 as described herein is illustration of some possibleembodiments. A variety of other player scorecard interfaces differingfrom the interface 1900 can also be used.

Similar to the player scorecard interface 1900, a team scorecardinterface 1400 can be provided, as illustrated in FIG. 14. Referring toFIG. 14, when the team scorecard tab 1810 (described in FIG. 18) isselected, data relevant to the team can be displayed in the area belowthe tabs. Information in FIG. 14 that is described in other places ofthis disclosure is not described again here. Interface 1400 as describedherein is illustration of some possible embodiments. A variety of otherteam scorecard interfaces differing from the interface 1400 can also beused.

In some embodiments, the various scorecard interfaces described hereinmay include other criteria for calculating the scores of the players orteams. For example, various scorecard interfaces may include COURSEHANDICAP and adjusted course handicap. For example, the scorecardinterfaces may include COURSE HANDICAP as well as any adjusted coursehandicap for teams playing in Scramble formats. For example, thescorecard interfaces may include COURSE HANDICAP as well as any adjustedcourse handicap for each player for teams playing in Best Ball formats.

For net scoring, a COURSE HANDICAP represents the number of strokes aplayer would need to play to the USGA COURSE RATING of the tees beingplayed. In one embodiment, the USGA formula to determine a golfer'sCOURSE HANDICAP can be: HANDICAP INDEX multiplied by the SLOPE RATING oftees a player is playing from divided by the Standard SLOPE RATING of113. The result is rounded to the nearest whole number with 0.4 roundingdown and 0.5 rounding up. For example, a 12.7 HANDICAP INDEX multipliedby a SLOPE RATING of 135 divided by Standard SLOPE RATING of 113=COURSEHANDICAP of 15.

Many golfers may assume that the USGA formula to determine a COURSEHANDICAP already accounts for the differences between tees boxes.However, this is not the case. A golfer's COURSE HANDICAP is based onthe SLOPE RATING of the tees played. However, the SLOPE RATING may onlyreflect the number of strokes needed to play to the COURSE RATING ofthat particular set of tees. It does not take into consideration thedifference in the COURSE RATING for different tee boxes. For example,the White tees at a golf course may have a COURSE RATING of 71.2 whereasthe Blue Tees may have a COURSE RATING of 73.4. Based on this, a playercompeting from the set of tees with a COURSE RATING of 71.2 would beexpected to shoot a Net score that is two strokes lower than an opponentwho is competing from a set of tees with a COURSE RATING of 73.4. Toreconcile this difference and make it possible for all teams to competeand be ranked from different tee boxes on different courses on anequitable basis, it is advantageous to make an adjustment to eachplayer's COURSE HANDICAP based on the COURSE RATING for the tees played.

The systems and methods described herein can determine an adjustedcourse handicap. For example, the golf league server 130 (or otherservers), or a standalone application running on the devices 100, 104,or 108, or an applet running in the web browser on the devices 100, 104,or 108 can determine the adjusted course handicap for a player or ateam. In one embodiment, the adjusted course handicap can be determinedwith the following exemplary steps:

Step 1: determining the Course Rating Differential by calculating thedifference between the COURSE RATING of the tees played and the standardPar of 36 for 9 holes and the standard Par of 72 for 18 holes.

Step 2: adjusting the COURSE HANDICAP for every player before each roundby adding the Course Rating Differential to each player's COURSEHANDICAP and rounding to the nearest whole number, with 0.4 roundingdown and 0.5 rounding up. For example, if a player is playing from a setof tees with a COURSE RATING of 73.7, the player's Course RatingDifferential would be +2, and two strokes would be added to the player'sCourse Handicap. If a player is playing from a set of tees with a COURSERATING of 71.2, the player's Course Rating Differential would be −1, andthe player's COURSE HANDICAP would be reduced by one stroke.

In some embodiments, the systems and methods described herein mayautomatically adjust the COURSE HANDICAP for each player before everyround the player wants to score on a Net basis so that every player mayknow how many strokes he or she will receive and for which holes priorto beginning play. In other embodiments, the adjustment of the COURSEHANDICAP may be performed after the round.

Referring back to FIG. 07, some other variations on interface 700 can beuseful as discussed through examples as follows.

Interface 700 can be configured to be an application on handheld device,such as handheld device 100 of FIG. 01 and FIG. 02. This approach allowsthe scorecard interface to be viewed during the play of the round ofgolf.

Interface 700 can be configured to allow entry of data in any of thedata display sections 705, 710, 715, 720, 725, 730, 735, 740, and 745.This approach allows the golfers to enter scores in real-time during theround of golf so as to keep track of the golf game data for the round ofgolf as it is taking place.

Interface 700 can be configured to be automatically populated based onpositioning and swing data gathered by a device such as GPS-enabledhandheld device 100 from FIG. 02. This approach allows the golfers toview their progress in a round of golf as they are playing and withouthaving to manually enter all of the golf game data.

Interface 700 can be configured to be recreated on-demand for anindefinite period into the future after the completion of a round ofgolf. This approach allows golfers to review their performance for theround of golf at any point in the future after the round of golf iscompleted.

Interface 700 can be configured to be automatically populated after theround of golf is completed based on data received from scanning aphysical scorecard and identifying the score values manually noted onthat physical scorecard. In such an embodiment, interface 700 would beconfigured to receive data as created by a scanning device with thatdata potentially processed by optical character recognition software.This approach allows the golfers to use standard paper scorecards duringgolf play while also uploading their scores to the system without manualdata entry into the system.

Interface 700 can be configured to function as a real-time leader boardby showing scores in real-time for more than one golf team as those golfteams are playing a round of golf. The sections of interface 700, suchas data display section 710 and data display section 740, can be shownfor a variety of golf teams presently playing a round of golf. In suchan embodiment, interface 700 can be made available to a variety of usersin addition to the actual golf teams through a variety of devices. Theseusers and devices, in addition to those already mentioned for otherembodiments of interface 700, may include spectators viewing interface700 on personal handheld devices, personal computers, or large displaysat a golf course where some of the golf teams are playing. Additionally,interface 700 or a similar interface could be recreated as part oftelevised golf coverage for viewing on broadcast, cable, internet, ormobile platforms by integrating the data necessary to produce interface700 into transmission of such televised coverage. This approach allowsinterface 700 to function as a real-time leader board showing theperformance of golf teams relative to one another in real-time. Thisapproach is particularly useful during golf tournament play whennumerous golf teams are competing directly against one another at thesame golf course at the same time. Such embodiments may also includeranking data for the golf teams based on real-time updates to thatranking data using the real-time scoring data.

Exemplary Score Entry Interfaces

A golfer's score, such as the data shown in the data display section 745of FIG. 07 or the data display section 1905 of FIG. 19 can be entered byvarious methods. One such method is to utilize a score entry interface.For example, a user of the devices 100, 104 or 108 can enter the score(e.g., the number of strokes) for a player on each hole during the roundof the golf via a score entry interface. In some embodiments, the scoreentry interface is configured to allow the user (e.g., a player) toenter the score for himself or herself. In certain embodiments, a playermay only enter the score for himself or herself. For example, in thecase when each golfer is ranked as individuals in individualcompetitions. In other embodiments, the score entry interface isconfigured to allow a player or a person who does not participate in thegame to enter the scores for all the players in a team. One example ofsuch a score entry interface is illustrated in FIG. 15.

FIG. 15 illustrates an example score entry interface 1500 that may beused for entering scores for all the players on a golf team. Forexample, scores of all the players in a team on a hole can be enteredinto the interface 1500. In one embodiment, at least one of the scorescan be entered into the interface 1500 and received by the Golf LeagueSever 130 during the round. In one embodiment, the interface 1500 can bedisplayed on a web browser running on the devices 100, 104 or 108. Inanother embodiment, the interface 1500 can be part of a locally-runapplication configured to accept user inputs for scores on the devices100, 104 or 108. In one embodiment, the interface 1500 may include aHole field 1505 showing the hole for which the scores are entered, a Parfield 1510 showing the par value of the hole, a handicap field 1515showing the HANDICAP INDEX, and a yardage field 1520 showing the yardageof the hole.

The interface 1500 may have various score fields 1525, 1530, 1535, and1540 for entering each player's score. The interface 1500 may also havea field 1545 for displaying the score of the team as a whole. In oneembodiment, as players' scores are entered in the fields 1525, 1530,1535, 1540, team score in field 1545 is automatically calculated andupdated. The score for the team can be calculated using various methodsdepending on different implementations. The interface 1500 may display akey pad 1550 configured to allow the user to enter a score for a player.For example, the key pad 1550 in FIG. 15 may have 9 buttons eachdisplaying a number. Some of the buttons may show the names of thescores associated with the hole. For example, the button of number “2”shows the name “Eagle” and button of the number “3” shows the name“Birdie”. In some embodiments, the names of the scores are automaticallydetermined on a hole-by-hole basis. For example, if the par of the holeis 4, and the score is 2 strokes under par, “Eagle” can be displayed(e.g., on the button of number “2” in FIG. 15). Similarly, for example,if the par of the hole is 4, and the score is 1 stroke under par,“Birdie” can be displayed (e.g., on the button of number “3” in FIG.15). The calculations and determinations described herein can beachieved or implemented in hardware, firmware, or software embodied on atangible medium (e.g., an applet running in the web browser, or astandalone application running on the devices 100, 104, or 108, or thegolf league server 130 via the network 120), or in combinations of oneor more of them. An arrow 1555 on the key pad, once selected, may allowmore numbers to be displayed.

In some embodiments, the key pad can be displayed as a floating key padin a pop-up window. FIG. 16 illustrates an example score entry interface1600 in which a floating key pad can be displayed. FIG. 16 has fieldssimilar to those in FIG. 15 and thus those fields are not described hereagain. As illustrated in FIG. 16, when a user selects a score field 1605for a player (e.g., “John D” in this example), a floating key pad 1610appears. Once the user presses a number on the key pad, the score isentered to score field 1605, and the key pad disappears. The user mayrepeat the process for entering the score for the next player.

The scores can be entered after the round of the game. For example, aplayer can enter the scores for himself/herself or for all the playersin the team after the round. FIG. 17 illustrates an example score entryinterface 1700 that allows the user to enter the scores for the teamafter the round. This is helpful especially when handheld devices arenot allowed on the golf course a player or a team is playing, althoughthe interface can be utilized in any other situations. The interface1700 is similar to the interface 700 in FIG. 07 with some variations.The sections in FIG. 17 that are similar to those in FIG. 07 are not bedescribed here again.

In one embodiment, interface 1700 contains a score input section 1705.As shown, for example, the score input section 1705 may include a row1710 which indicates each of the holes, “in”, “out”, and “total”. Thescore input section 1705 may include a column 1715 identifies eachplayer in the team for the round. A par section 1720 for each hole mayalso be included in the score input section 1705. In this embodiment,the user can enter the score for each player on each hole in each scorefield, such as the score field 1725. For example, the user can selectthe field 1725, and a floating key pad 1730 may be displayed in a pop upwindow. The user can press a number on the key pad 1730 and the score isentered to the score field 1725 in this example. In one embodiment, oncethe score is entered, the key pad 1730 disappears and the user repeatsthe process for inputting score to the next score field by selecting thenext score field. In another embodiment, the key pad 1730 remains on thescreen and the next score field may be automatically highlighted orselected. In this embodiment, the user can simply press a number on thekey pad 1730 to enter the score into the highlighted field. In yetanother embodiment, the key pad 1730 may disappear once a score isentered in the score field, but the next score field will beautomatically highlighted/selected. The user can select the highlightedscore field (or any other fields) to bring up the key pad 1730. Theprocesses in these various embodiments can repeat until all the scorefields in the score input section 1705 are filled in with scores. Insome embodiments, the scores entered into interface 1700 after the roundare transmitted by the device 100, 104, or 108 to the golf league server130. The server 130 receives the scores and stores them into the datastore 132.

In one embodiment, interface 1700 contains a data display section 1750.In this embodiment, the data display section 1750 is similar to the datadisplay section 740 in FIG. 07 and is not described again here. In thisembodiment, as the players' scores are entered in the score inputsection 1705, the values in the fields of the data display section 1750(e.g., team scores) can be automatically calculated and displayed.

In some embodiments, the scorecards can be made available automaticallyto the player who has an account with the system, such as the accountshown in FIG. 04. The players can simply log into his or her account andview the scorecards. In other implementations, the scorecards can bemade available at other point in time, for example, during the roundupdated on a real time basis, after all rounds in a day are completed,or on a user preference or on-demand basis.

In one embodiment, the methods and systems described herein track teamscores for Scramble formats. In another embodiment, individual and teamscores for Best Ball formats can be tracked. In other embodiments,individual and team scores in other formats can be tracked.

In some embodiments, following each around, the golf league server 130or other servers may email (or by other electronic transmission means)the scorecards (e.g., the team scorecard, the player scorecard, etc.) toeach player. For example, once a player finishes playing, the player maybe prompted to submit his or her round. Once he or she has submitted theround, for example from devices 100, 104 or 108, the scores can beautomatically stored in the golf league server 130. Within minutes forexample, the team's scorecard can be emailed to the team captain andeach of the team members. In some embodiments, after a round is playedand the scores are submitted, a player can check his or her scorecardsby selecting a scorecards button in an interface displayed on thedevices 100, 104 or 108.

In one embodiment, if a round is interrupted by weather or otheremergencies, the round data can be saved, and a player or a team canresume their round from where they left off.

Using a score entry interface which allows a user to enter scores forall the players in the team may have many advantages, such as otherplayers do not need to worry about tracking and entering their scores.Interfaces 1500-1700 as described herein are illustrations of somepossible embodiments of scoring entering functionality of the presentdisclosure. A variety of other score entry interfaces differing from theinterfaces 1500-1700 can also be used.

An Exemplary Ranking Viewer Interface

FIG. 08 shows an exemplary interface that may be used to display rankingdata in some embodiments of the present disclosure.

As shown, FIG. 08 contains a interface 800 that contains a variety offields, buttons, and information. In particular, interface 800 containsdata display section 810. Data display section 810 displays the name ofa group for which the ranking was produced as well as a state of thoserankings. For the exemplary interface of FIG. 08, the group for whichthe ranking was produced is “United States” and the state of the rankingis “2013 Final National Rankings.” This may indicate the relativeranking of each golf team in the United States geographic group for theranking produced at the end of the 2013 season.

Interface 800 contains data display section 815. Data display section815 displays data relating to the format of golf play for which theranking was produced. In the illustration in FIG. 08, the golf playformat is shown using gender, golf game format (best ball), golf gamelength, golf team size, and golf flight.

Interface 800 contains data display section 820. Data display section820 displays data relating to the golf teams and the ranking for each ofthose golf teams. The illustration of FIG. 08 shows the 16 highestranked teams based on the ranking produced for the data parameters indata display section 810 and data display section 815.

Interface 800 contains data display section 825. Data display section825 displays data relating to the golf teams and the performance ofthose golf teams relative to the other golf teams in the ranking. Theillustration of FIG. 08 shows the cumulative score for each golf team,the number of points behind the leader for each golf team, and the homegolf club and its geographic state for each golf team.

Interface 800 contains data display section 830 and data display section835. Data display section 830 and data display section 835 display datarelating to the ranking for each team in successively more specific golfteam groups. The illustration of FIG. 08 shows the ranking of each golfteam in that golf team's geographic state in data display section 830.The illustration of FIG. 08 shows the ranking of each golf team in thatgolf team's geographic region in data display section 835.

Interface 800 as described heretofore has simply been used as anillustration of one possible embodiment of a ranking viewer interface. Avariety of other ranking viewer interfaces differing from FIG. 08 canalso be used. In particular, the ranking viewer interface 800 maycontain more or fewer data display sections depending on the type andnumber of golf team groups with rankings that are used in the system.Additional interfaces apart from interface 800 may be used in additionto or in place of interface 800 in order to provide more detailed, moregeneralized, or more interactive golf team ranking information.

An Exemplary Ranking Selection Interface

FIG. 09 shows an exemplary interface that may be used to select thedisplay of particular ranking data in some embodiments of the presentdisclosure.

As shown, FIG. 09 contains a interface 900 that contains a variety offields, buttons, and information. In particular, interface 900 containsdata entry section 910. Data entry section 910 displays various classesof data and values for each of those classes of data for which specificrankings may be available. The selection of values from data entrysection 910 may be used to determine what ranking data to display ininterface 800.

Data entry section 910 may contain a variety of classes and values ofdata to allow the selection of specific rankings. As shown, data entrysection 910 may allow the selection of a specific ranking based on adivision, such as men, women, boys, girls, parent-child, or family. Asshown, data entry section 910 may allow the selection of a specificranking based on a format, such as scramble, shamble, or best ball. Asshown, data entry section 910 may allow the selection of a specificranking based on a format variation, such as 9 hole twosome, 9 holefoursome, 18 hole twosome, or 18 hole foursome. As shown, data entrysection 910 may allow the selection of a specific ranking based on golfflight, such as flight A, flight B, flight C, or flight D. As shown,data entry section 910 may allow the selection of a specific rankingbased on a geographic selection, such as country club, city, county,region, state, or nation. As shown, data entry section 910 may allow theselection of a specific ranking based on an affinity group, such asschool or conference. As shown, data entry section 910 may allow theselection of a specific ranking based on a type of score, such as grossor net. All of these classes and values of data are exemplary, andinterface 900 could use more, less, or different data in data entrysection 910 based on the particular data available to the system.

Interface 900 as described heretofore has simply been used as anillustration of one possible embodiment of a ranking selectioninterface. A variety of other ranking selection interfaces differingfrom FIG. 09 can also be used. In particular, the ranking selectioninterface 900 may contain more or fewer data display sections dependingon the type and number of golf team groups with rankings that are usedin the system. Additional interfaces apart from interface 900 may beused in addition to or in place of interface 900 in order to providemore detailed, more generalized, or more interactive golf team rankingselection.

Exemplary Personalized Ranking Interfaces

FIGS. 20A-20D illustrate exemplary personalized ranking interfaces2000A-2000D that can be displayed after a combination of rankingselection criteria, such as the classes and data described in FIG. 09,are selected. Referring to FIG. 20A, in one embodiment, a rankingselection criteria section 2005 is displayed on the left side of theinterface 2000A. As shown in this example, the ranking selectioncriteria include team (e.g., different teams), geographic selection(e.g., Club, State, National, etc.), and scoring type (e.g., Gross, Net,Stableford Gross, Stableford Net Points basis). For example,“Thunder99”, “National”, and “Gross” are selected as values of theselection criteria in this embodiment. Additional ranking selectioncriteria field 2010 can also be displayed. In this example, “Men”, “BestBall”, “Twosome 9 hole”, “Flight A” are selected as values of theadditional ranking selection criteria. These criteria are described inFIG. 09 and are not described here again. Although not shown in theexample interface, other ranking selection criteria or options mayinclude rankings within a group of friends, a personalized AffinityGroup (e.g. Alumni, Colleagues, Professional Association, etc.) forexample. Opting out of the ranking is also an option.

Interface 2000A may also include a ranking display section 2015including the ranking of a number of teams from the highest ranking tothe lowest ranking, with the selected team “Thunder99” (number 2)highlighted. In this example, because “National” is selected as thegeographic selection criteria, teams from different states within theUnited States are included in the ranking. In this example, because“Gross” is selected as the scoring type, the ranking is calculated basedon the gross scores of the teams. Other selection criteria, such asthose displayed in field 2010, also determine the values displayed inthe section 2015. For example, since “Men” is selected, all the teamsdisplayed in section 2015 may be Men's teams.

In one embodiment, teams of all men are ranked separately from teams ofall women. In one embodiment, mixed teams (e.g., teams made up of menand women) are ranked in Men's rankings. In another embodiment, mixedteams are ranked in a division separate from either Men's rankings orWomen rankings, for example, a mixed team division. In one embodiment,parent-child teams may be ranked together. In mixed teams andparent-child teams, players may play from different tee boxes. In oneembodiment, teams may be organized and ranked by age groups (e.g. 13-15,16-18, over 60).

FIG. 20B illustrates another example of a personalized ranking interface2000B. Interface 2000B is similar to interface 2000A in FIG. 20A exceptthe net score is selected as the scoring type. In this example, becausenet score is used as scoring type, the team Thunder99 is ranked in thefirst place in FIG. 20B as opposed to number 2 in FIG. 20A in whichgross score is the scoring type.

FIG. 20C illustrates a third example of a personalized ranking interface2000C. Interface 2000C is similar to interfaces 2000A and 2000B in FIGS.20A and 20B except the scoring type is “Stableford Gross.” In thisexample, because Stableford Gross is used as scoring type, only twoteams are ranked. This may indicate that only these two teams chose tobe ranked based on Stableford Gross scores, provided other selectioncriteria (e.g., division, format, flight, etc., as displayed in field2010) are satisfied.

FIG. 20D illustrates a fourth example of a personalized rankinginterface 2000D. Interface 2000D is similar to interfaces 2000A-2000C inFIGS. 20A-20C except the team “TracyBoysl” is selected as the team andan “Affinity Group” selection criterion is added to the rankingselection criteria section 2005. In this example, the selected team“TracyBoysl” is not ranked (it is not displayed in the section 2015).The reason is shown in field 2020 indicating “TracyBoysl” has not playedthe required minimum number of rounds. In some embodiments, a team hasto play a minimum number of rounds (e.g., 3 rounds) in order to beranked.

Interfaces 2000A to 2000D as described herein are illustrations of somepossible embodiments of the personalized ranking interfaces. A varietyof personalized ranking interfaces differing from the interfaces2000A-2000D can also be used.

As illustrated in FIGS. 2000A-2000D, different scoring types may resultin different ranking results. Furthermore, different golf courses mayresult in different ranking results. The systems and methods describedherein can compare and rank scores of different types from differentcourses.

In one embodiment, the systems and methods described herein can compareand rank Gross Scores from different courses in Regular Season in thefollowing exemplary steps:

Step 1: perform the following calculations for each team for each round:

a) subtracting the COURSE RATING of the tees played from a team's 9 or18 hole Gross score.

b) multiplying the result by the Standard SLOPE RATING for 18 holes(e.g., 113).

c) dividing the result by the SLOPE RATING of the tees played for the 9or 18 hole round.

Step 2: After the calculations in step 1 are performed, the systems andmethods described herein may award points to each team by subtractingthe result from the standard Par for a 9 hole course of 36 and thestandard Par for an 18 hole course of 72. By doing this, the systems andmethods described herein can establish a standard for all teams to becompared.

In one embodiment, to minimize ties, ranking points may be calculatedand displayed to two decimal points. In other embodiments, rankingpoints may be calculated and displayed to other numbers of decimalpoints.

In one embodiment, the systems and methods described herein can compareand rank team Net Scores from different courses in Regular Season in thefollowing exemplary steps:

Step 1: calculating a COURSE HANDICAP for each player based on the USGAformula, e.g., HANDICAP INDEX multiplied by SLOPE RATING of tees played,divided by Standard SLOPE RATING of 113. The result may be rounded tothe nearest whole number, with 0.4 rounding down and 0.5 rounding up.

Step 2: determining the Course Rating Differential by calculating thedifference between the COURSE RATING of the tees played and the standardPar of 36 for 9 holes and the standard Par of 72 for 18 holes.

Step 3: adjusting the COURSE HANDICAP for each player before the roundby adding the Course Rating Differential to each player's COURSEHANDICAP and rounding to the nearest whole number, with 0.4 roundingdown and 0.5 rounding up. For example, if a player is playing from a setof tees with a COURSE RATING of 73.7, the player's Course RatingDifferential would be +2, and two strokes would be added to the COURSEHANDICAP. If a player is playing from a set of tees with a COURSE RATINGof 71.2, the player's Course Rating Differential would be −1, and theplayer's COURSE HANDICAP would be reduced by one stroke. Withoutadjusting for this difference, a player or team competing from a set oftees with a higher COURSE RATING is at a disadvantage.

To calculate the Net Ranking, the team's lowest three scores are added.Since the Net score is based on the adjusted course handicap which iscalculated before each round and which has already taken intoconsideration the SLOPE RATING and COURSE RATING for the tees played, noadditional calculation may be necessary. Note that if the teamsparticipated in a Scramble format the scores would be the team scores.

In some embodiments, the systems and methods described herein mayperform Steps 2 and 3 before the round. In other embodiments, Steps 2and 3 may be performed after the round. As described previously in thisdisclosure, steps 2 and 3 adjust the COURSE HANDICAP based on the COURSERATING for the tees played. By doing this, teams can compete and beranked from different tee boxes on different courses on an equitablebasis when they are compared and ranked using net scores.

In one embodiment, a team's Net Rankings may be based on a predeterminednumber (e.g., 3) of the team's lowest Net scores. This can berepresented as a Cumulative Net Score or CNS, for example, on theinterfaces displayed on devices 100, 104, and 108.

In one embodiment, the systems and methods described herein can compareand rank Stableford Rankings based on the Gross Scores in the followingexemplary steps:

Step 1: multiplying the total Stableford points a team has earned foreach round by the SLOPE RATING of the tees played, and then dividing theresult by the Standard SLOPE RATING of 113. The result may be calculatedand displayed to two decimal points.

Step 2: adding the rounds with the three highest point totals togetherto determine the team's Stableford Ranking based on Gross Points. Tominimize ties, Ranking Points may be calculated and displayed to twodecimal points. This may give each team a clear picture of how manypoints are needed to move up in the Rankings. Since a team's Ranking canbe based on a limited number rounds (e.g., 3 rounds), the more rounds ateam plays, the better chance the team has to improve its Ranking.

In one embodiment, the systems and methods described herein can compareand rank Stableford Rankings based on the Net Scores. For example, tocalculate a team's Stableford Ranking based on Net Scores, the methodsand systems described herein can add a team's highest three pointtotals. As indicated above, Ranking Points may be calculated anddisplayed to two decimal points. Since a team's Net Score may be basedon an adjustment to each player's COURSE HANDICAP which is calculatedbefore each round and which has already factored in the SLOPE RATING andCOURSE RATING for the tees played, the systems and methods describedherein can simply add a team's highest three point totals to determinethe team's Stableford Ranking based on Net Scores. No additionalcalculation may be necessary. As indicated above, Ranking Points may becalculated and displayed to two decimal points. This may give each teama clear picture of how many points are needed to move up in theRankings. Since a team's Ranking may be based on 3 rounds, the morerounds a team plays, the better chance the team has to improve itsRanking.

In some embodiments, an end of season tournament may be provided inwhich the top six (or other suitable numbers) teams in each format mayqualify to compete head-to-head in an End of Season Club Tournament witha chance to advance to the next level, for example State and NationalChampionships.

Although the ranking interfaces illustrated herein are for rankingteams, in some embodiments, golf players can be ranked as individuals(and not just as part of a team), for example, in individualcompetitions. For instance, each player can be ranked based on his orher scores in a round or aggregated scores in multiple rounds. In someembodiments, when players are ranked as individuals, each player's scoremay be ranked individually. For example, if the players participated ina Best Ball format, the system would track each player's scores,permitting both individual rankings as well as team rankings.

An Exemplary Embodiment of the Scoring Engine

FIG. 10 is a flow chart illustrating one exemplary embodiment of ascoring engine 134. Scoring engine 134 begins processing at stage 1000.Scoring engine 134 then proceeds to stage 1005.

In stage 1005, scoring engine 134 retrieves data necessary for scoring.For this exemplary embodiment, scoring engine 134 retrieves golf gamedata, handicap data, and team data. In this embodiment, this data can beretrieved from data store 132 and consists only of golf game data thatwas not previously processed by scoring engine 134. Scoring engine 134then proceeds to stage 1010.

In stage 1010, scoring engine 134 retrieves golf course data necessaryfor normalizing the previously retrieved golf game data. In thisembodiment, this data can be retrieved from golf course data store 142and consists of USGA SLOPE RATING and USGA COURSE RATING. Retrieval ofgolf course data may involve selection of all golf course data from golfcourse data store 142, selection of data for a specific golf course fromgolf course data store 142, refreshing of existing golf course dataavailable to scoring engine 134, or some other selection mechanism. Inembodiments where the golf course data is stored with the data retrievedat stage 1005, stage 1005 and 1010 may be combined. Scoring engine 134then proceeds to stage 1015.

In stage 1015, scoring engine 134 selects the next set of golf game datafor processing. For this embodiment, a set of golf game data consists ofgolf game data for a particular golf team and a particular round ofgolf. The golf game data may include a variety of sets of scoring dataincluding net scores and gross scores, where net scores are those basedon individual COURSE HANDICAP or adjusted course handicap, as describedpreviously in this disclosure. Each time scoring engine 134 returns tostage 1015, a new set of golf game data is selected and by thismechanism scoring engine 134 will iterate over each set of golf gamedata previously selected for processing. Scoring engine 134 thenproceeds to stage 1020.

In stage 1020, scoring engine 134 calculates a normalized score for thepresent set of golf game data. In this embodiment, normalization of thegolf game data consists of calculating a single composite net score forthe golf team using the gross scores of individual golfers on each hole,the COURSE HANDICAP for each golfer, the adjusted course handicap foreach golfer, the golf game format, the USGA SLOPE RATING for the teesplayed by each golfer where the round of golf took place, the USGACOURSE RATING for the tees played by each golfer where the round of golftook place, and the designated holes for which each golfer or teamqualifies for a net score adjustment based on the individual or teamhandicap for the course. While many variations on this calculation arepossible, the present embodiment uses the just described data points toproduce a normalized score that factors in the golf course difficultyand the adjusted course handicap for each golfer so that the normalizedteam score can be fairly compared to scores by other golf teams on othergolf courses. In other embodiments, the golf game data retrieved instage 1005 contains team net scores that are already normalized and assuch no modifications to the scores are necessary. In other embodiments,the golf game data retrieved in stage 1005 contains gross scores, but nomodification is applied to the gross scores so that ranking can beperformed using unmodified gross scores. These embodiments need not bemutually exclusive; various types of scoring data modified in variousways can be used in an embodiment in parallel. Scoring engine 134 thenproceeds to stage 1025.

In stage 1025, scoring engine 134 stores the previously calculatednormalized score for later use. Scoring engine 134 then proceeds tostage 1030.

In stage 1030, scoring engine 134 checks to see if there are more setsof golf game data to process. If so, scoring engine 134 returns to stage1015. If not, scoring engine 134 proceeds to stage 1035.

In stage 1035, scoring engine 134 selects the next golf team forprocessing. For this embodiment, a golf team is selected for processingif scoring engine 134 just processed at least one set of golf game datacorresponding to that golf team in stages 1015, 1020, 1025, and 1030.Each time scoring engine 134 returns to stage 1035, a new golf team isselected and by this mechanism scoring engine 134 will iterate over eachgolf team that has at least one new normalized score. Scoring engine 134then proceeds to stage 1040.

In stage 1040, scoring engine 134 calculates an aggregate score for thepresent golf team. In some embodiments, this stage may involve furtherretrieving previously calculated normalized scores. In otherembodiments, those previously calculated normalized scores may alreadybe available to scoring engine 134. While a variety of approaches can beused to calculate an aggregate, one exemplary approach is to sum all ofthe normalized scores for the golf team. Another approach may sum onlythe ten best scores if more than ten scores are available. Scoringengine 134 then proceeds to stage 1045.

In stage 1045, scoring engine 134 stores the previously calculatedaggregate score for later use. Scoring engine 134 then proceeds to stage1050.

In stage 1050, scoring engine 134 checks to see if there are more golfteams to process. If so, scoring engine 134 returns to stage 1035. Ifnot, scoring engine 134 proceeds to stage 1055.

In stage 1055, scoring engine 134 finishes processing.

Using the embodiment of scoring engine 134 heretofore discussed inreference to FIG. 10, the scoring engine begins processing with a rawgolf game data and processes that golf game data along with previouslyprocessed data to produce an aggregate score for each golf team that hasbeen normalized for golf course difficulty and golfer COURSE HANDICAP.This embodiment may be useful when gross scores are received as golfgame data and net scores normalized for COURSE HANDICAP, adjusted coursehandicap and golf course difficulty must be calculated. For embodimentswhere gross scores are received as golf game data and an aggregate scoreis necessary based on those gross scores without normalization, scoringengine 134 may skip stages 1005, 1010, 1015, 1020, 1025 and 1030. Thesame is possible when net scores are received and no normalization isnecessary. For embodiments where scoring is updated in real-time as agolf team plays golf, stages 1000 through 1055 or some variation thereonmay be performed after each set of golf game data consisting of a strokeor performance on a hole is received, or on some other similarlyfrequent basis.

This is only an exemplary embodiment that has been detailed to helpexplain one way in which the scoring engine may function. Given thevarious data points available to the scoring engine and the variousmodes in which the scoring engine may operate, many other possibleembodiments can be used as part of the present disclosure.

An Exemplary Embodiment of the Ranking Engine

FIG. 11 is a flow chart illustrating one exemplary embodiment of aranking engine 136. Ranking engine 136 begins processing at stage 1100.Ranking engine 136 then proceeds to stage 1105.

In stage 1105, ranking engine 136 retrieves data necessary for ranking.For this exemplary embodiment, ranking engine 136 retrieves golf teamdata, score data, and group data. In this embodiment, this data can beretrieved from data store 132. The golf team data and score data mayconsist of all golf teams in the system and the aggregate scores forthose teams, where more than one aggregate score for each team ispossible, such as an aggregate net score, an aggregate gross score,Stableford points based on net score, and Stableford points based ongross score. The group data may consist of groups in the system and thegolf teams identified to be members of those groups. As previouslydiscussed, many varieties of groups and their relations to one anothercan exist. For example, as previously discussed, golf teams may bemembers of particular groups based on selection of such membership bymembers of those golf teams. Membership in groups may also be automaticfor some groups, such as groups identified by golf flights as previouslymentioned. Group data may consist of identifiers for the groups,identifiers for golf teams that are members of those groups, identifiersof characteristics that define membership in the group, and identifiersof relationships between those groups and other groups. Ranking engine136 then proceeds to stage 1110.

In stage 1110, ranking engine 136 selects the next group for processing.Each time ranking engine 136 returns to stage 1110, a new group isselected and by this mechanism ranking engine 136 will iterate over eachgroup previously selected for processing. Ranking engine 136 thenproceeds to stage 1115.

In stage 1115, ranking engine 136 calculates a ranking of the golf teamsthat are members of the golf group. In this embodiment, calculation ofthe ranking of the golf teams consists of comparing one particular setof aggregate scores for those golf teams. Ranking engine 136 orders thegolf teams sequentially based on that set of aggregate scores and thenassigns sequential ranking values to those golf teams based on thatordering. The particular set of aggregate scores used, such as the setof aggregate net scores for the golf teams or the set of aggregate grossscores for the golf teams, may be determined based on the definition ofthe group. As described previously in this disclosure, in someembodiments, the system can compare and rank gross scores and net scoresfrom different courses, and calculate and display Stableford Rankingsbased on gross scores and based on net scores. Ranking engine 136 mayallow ties in the ranking if more than one golf team has the sameaggregate score. Alternatively, ranking engine 136 may employ tiebreakerrules to break ties in the ranking. For rankings based on comparison ofaggregate gross scores, ranking engine 136 may differentiate betweenteams with the same aggregate gross score based on the difficulty of thegolf courses from which those aggregate gross scores originated. Thismay involve the use of USGA SLOPE RATING and/or USGA COURSE RATING aloneor in combination with the methodologies described above. For rankingsbased on net scores, adjusted course handicap can be utilized, asdescribed previously in this disclosure. Ranking engine 136 thenproceeds to stage 1120.

In stage 1120, ranking engine 136 stores the previously calculatedranking for later use. Ranking engine 136 then proceeds to stage 1125.

In stage 1125, ranking engine 136 checks to see if there are more groupsto process. If so, ranking engine 136 returns to stage 1110. If not,ranking engine 136 proceeds to stage 1130.

In stage 1130, ranking engine 136 finishes processing.

Some embodiments may produce rankings based on gross scores whilefactoring in golf course difficulty and without factoring in adjustmentsfor team or individual handicaps or based on a point system separatefrom any actual set of scores. In a point system embodiment, rankingengine 136 may retrieve in stage 1105 a set of scores relating todifferent rounds of golf and not a single aggregate score. Rankingengine 136 may then award points to golf teams in stage 1115 using rulesor guidelines, such as those described above. Ranking engine 136 wouldthen be able to produce the ranking by comparing the total pointsawarded to each golf team as opposed to comparing the aggregate scores.In an exemplary approach of such an embodiment, ranking engine 136 couldaward 1000 points to the golf team with the best score for a round ofgolf during a particular calendar week, 900 points to the golf team withthe second best score, and so on. In such an embodiment, ranking engine136 could then compute the ranking by awarding points in the fashionjust described for one or more weeks separately, and then comparing thetotal points awarded to each of the golf teams. Other ranking approachessimilarly using a point-based system for ranking are possible. Forexample, Stableford Rankings based on gross scores and StablefordRankings based on net scores can be used, as described previously inthis disclosure.

Using the embodiment of ranking engine 136 heretofore discussed inreference to FIG. 11, the ranking engine produces rankings for allgroups in the system based on aggregate scores of the golf teams thatare members of those groups. For embodiments where ranking is updated inreal-time as a golf team plays golf, stages 1100 through 1030 or somevariation thereon may be performed after each set of golf game dataconsisting of a stroke or performance on a hole is received, or on someother similarly frequent basis. Other embodiments may only requireranking engine 136 to perform on a subset of the groups in the systemduring a particular operation. This is only an exemplary embodiment thathas been detailed to help explain one way in which the ranking enginemay function. Given the various data points available to the rankingengine and the various modes in which the ranking engine may operate,many other possible embodiments can be used as part of the presentdisclosure.

An Exemplary Embodiment of the Tournament Engine

FIG. 12 is a flow chart illustrating one exemplary embodiment of atournament engine 138. Tournament engine 138 begins processing at stage1200. Tournament engine 138 then proceeds to stage 1205.

In stage 1205, tournament engine 138 retrieves data necessary forselecting participation in a tournament. For this exemplary embodiment,tournament engine 138 retrieves golf team data, ranking data, andtournament data. In this embodiment, this data can be retrieved fromdata store 132. The golf team data and ranking data may consist of allgolf teams in the system and the rankings for those teams in the variousgroups of which those teams are members. The tournament data may consistof parameters for creation of tournaments and parameters definingqualification of golf teams for those tournaments. As such, thetournament data may contain identification of particular groups forwhich tournaments should be created. The tournament data may furtherconsist of minimum qualification requirements for golf teams to qualifyfor participation in the various tournaments. In this embodiment, theminimum qualification for participation in a particular tournament isbased on a minimum ranking value for the ranking for the group for whichthe tournament will be created. Other embodiments may use scoring dataor other data to define eligibility to participate in a tournament. Thetournament data may consist of further minimum qualification data. Thetournament data may further consist of timing information, such as thedate when a season begins and ends, where the ranking used fordetermination of qualification is the ranking generated based on golfgame data generated between those season begin and end dates. As anexample, a particular set of tournament data may define that atournament is to be created for the group defined by the parametersXavier University affinity group/net score ranking/mean/scramble/18holes/foursome for the season defined by the start and end dates of Jun.1, 2012 and Jul. 31, 2012 where a minimum ranking of 10 qualifies a teamfor participation and a team's aggregate score must be based on at leastsix rounds of golf between the season start and end dates. As anotherexample, a set of tournament data may define that the scores from thebest 10 rounds of golf between the season start and end dates will beused to calculate a team's aggregate score and/or ranking. Tournamentengine 138 then proceeds to stage 1210.

In stage 1210, tournament engine 138 selects the next tournament forprocessing. Each time tournament engine 138 returns to stage 1210, a newtournament is selected and by this mechanism tournament engine 138 williterate over each tournament previously selected for processing.Tournament engine 138 then proceeds to stage 1215.

In stage 1215, tournament engine 138 determines which golf teams qualifyfor participation in the golf tournament. In this embodiment, thetournament data requires a minimum ranking in a particular group for aparticular season for a team to qualify for participation in thetournament. Based on all teams that are a member of the identified groupand the ranking for that group, tournament engine 138 selects all teamswith ranking value for that group's ranking that is at least specifiedminimum ranking value. Tournament engine 138 then proceeds to stage1220.

In stage 1220, tournament engine 138 stores the previously determinedgolf teams qualified for participation in the tournament for later use.Tournament engine 138 then proceeds to stage 1225.

In stage 1225, tournament engine 138 checks to see if there are moretournaments to process. If so, tournament engine 138 returns to stage1210. If not, tournament engine 138 proceeds to stage 1230.

In stage 1230, tournament engine 138 finishes processing.

In other embodiments, tournament data may define that for a particulartournament participation is based on a minimum ranking in some set ofother tournaments. In this way, a tiered tournament system can becreated where advancement to higher-level tournaments is based onfinishing at a sufficiently high enough position on some lower-leveltournament.

In other embodiments, tournament engine 138 may determine and store alisting of alternate golf teams that did not qualify to participate inthe golf tournament but that would have been the next to qualify. Insuch embodiments, the alternate golf teams may be advanced toparticipation in the golf tournament if teams that did otherwise qualifydo not participate.

Using the embodiment of tournament engine 138 heretofore discussed inreference to FIG. 12, the tournament engine determines the golf teamsthat qualify for participation in golf tournaments based on parametersfor those golf tournaments. This is only an exemplary embodiment thathas been detailed to help explain one way in which the tournament enginemay function. Given the various data points available to the tournamentengine and the various modes in which the tournament engine may operate,many other possible embodiments can be used as part of the presentdisclosure.

An Exemplary Heat Map Interface

FIG. 13 is an exemplary heat map interface that may be used in someembodiments of the present disclosure. As shown, FIG. 13 contains aninterface 1300. Interface 1300 contains a map 1310 showing a geographicarea. Golf teams 1320 are playing at various locations in the geographicarea. The golf teams as shown labeled by 1320 need not correspond to onegolf team per icon, but rather demonstrate relative volume in theirrespective areas. Based on the relative volumes of golf team play, avisual representation of this relative volume is shown using densitylines 1330 where higher volume corresponds to more dense placement ofdensity lines 1330. Other embodiments may use more visually appealingvisual representations such as a color scale instead of density lines1330.

The determination of relative volume is capable based on tracking ofgolf team play either by recording of golf game data including thelocation of the golf course for each set of golf game data, or throughpositioning data, such as through GPS data available on enabled devicessuch as handheld device 100. Interface 1300 or similar interfaces can beused to show activity of golf teams in the golf league in a selectedgeographic area. Other embodiments may use non-map based visualizationsto show similar relative golf team activity data.

In some embodiments, interface 1300 may be capable of showing thelocation of particular golf teams when they are actively playing a roundof golf. In such embodiments, map 1310 may be capable of being zoomeddown to an individual golf course level distinctly showing the holes fora golf course. This approach allows viewers of interface 1300, includingspectators, to view the present location of each golf team during golfplay. This may be used during synchronous golf play such as a golftournament in combination with the leader board embodiment of interface700.

This is only an exemplary embodiment that has been detailed to helpexplain one way in which a heat map interface may function. Given thevarious data points available in the system, many other possibleembodiments can be used as part of the present disclosure.

Embodiments of the disclosed system that make it possible to compare andrank scores of all players and teams from different tee boxes ondifferent courses on an equitable basis. In addition, these embodimentswill help to grow interest and participation in the game by betterbalancing the benefit of interest created by competition and thecomparison of individual performance amongst golfers with the benefit ofsignificantly reducing and even eliminating the need for each individualgolfer to measure his or her score against par for every hole and byempowering each individual to contribute to team success, thereby makingthe game more enjoyable and rewarding. Some embodiments herein describedfurther fostered this balance of competition and collegiality byallowing competition in natural or self-designated affinity groups.These aspects work to the effect of generating greater interest in theplay of golf through the motivating forces of competition andcollegiality. Some embodiments herein described went further bysustaining this increased interest through the use of seasonal andyearly group or league play and end-of-season and post-seasonqualification-based tournaments so as to produce long-term goals for theindividual golfers and their teams. Through this mixture of competition,team play, sustained group or league play, and tournament achievement,the various embodiments herein described succeed in creating a strongcommunity of interest in golfing and increasing the enjoyment andfrequency of golf play. It should be clear to one of ordinary skill inthe art that the various embodiments herein described may achieve theseeffects through different mixtures than just described. This mixture isone embodiment that may achieve the effects and other embodiments withmixtures containing fewer, more, and/or different elements may alsoachieve the same or additional desired effects.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system comprising: a server including anon-transitory memory and configured to communicate via a computernetwork with at least one Global Positioning System (GPS)-enabledhandheld device, the server configured to perform steps comprising:receiving, from the at least one GPS-enabled handheld device via thecomputer network, golf game data, handicap data, and team data for oneor more golfers being part of one or more teams, the golf game dataincluding an identification of a golf course played by a golfer and oneor more tees played by each golfer, wherein the at least one GPS-enabledhandheld device allows obtaining of the golf game data, the handicapdata, and the team data using one or more graphical user interfaces orprovides positioning data based on signals from at least one GPSsatellite; retrieving, from a golf course data storage device, golfcourse difficulty information associated with the golf course played,wherein the golf course data storage device stores respective golfcourse difficulty information for each of a plurality of golf courses,including information indicative of the difficulty of a set of tees ateach golf course; receiving or determining grouping data definingmembership of at least one of the one or more teams in one or moregroups; receiving or determining at least one net score for the one ormore teams using the golf game data, the handicap data, the golf coursedifficulty information associated with the golf course played, and theteam data, wherein the at least one net score is determined based on anadjusted net score for each golfer, and the adjusted score is determinedusing a course rating differential to take into account the difficultyof the one or more tees played by the each golfer; and providing rankinginformation for the one or more teams based on the adjusted net scorefor each team.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the course ratingdifferential is determined by calculating the difference between theCOURSE RATING of the tees played and the standard par of 36 for 9 holesand 72 for 18 holes, wherein each golfer's COURSE HANDICAP is adjustedby adding the course rating differential to each golfer's COURSEHANDICAP.
 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the ranking informationincludes net ranking based on the adjusted net scores of each golfer ineach team.
 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the net ranking is based ona predetermined number of the team's lowest adjusted net score.
 5. Thesystem of claim 1, further comprising the server configured to performsteps comprising: (a) receiving gross scores for each golfer in a team,(b) subtracting the COURSE RATING of the tees played from a team's grossscore, (c) multiplying the result of (b) by the standard SLOPE RATINGfor 18 holes, and (d) dividing the result of (c) by the SLOPE RATING ofthe tees played for the 9 or 18 hole round.
 6. The system of claim 5,further comprising the server configured to perform steps comprising:subtracting the result of (d) from the standard par of 36 for 9 holesand 72 for 18 holes, awarding points based on the results, and rankingthe teams based on the points awarded.
 7. The system of claim 1, whereinthe ranking information is determined based on adjusted net scoresobtained from golfers competing multiple rounds of golf.
 8. The systemof claim 7, wherein the multiple rounds of golf are completed atdifferent locations.
 9. The system of claim 7, wherein the multiplerounds of golf are completed at different times.
 10. A methodcomprising: receiving, by a server including a non-transitory memoryfrom at least one Global Positioning System (GPS)-enabled handhelddevice via a computer network, golf game data, handicap data, and teamdata for one or more golfers being part of one or more teams, the golfgame data including an identification of a golf course played by agolfer and one or more tees played by each golfer, wherein the at leastone GPS-enabled handheld device allows obtaining of the golf game data,the handicap data, and the team data using one or more graphical userinterfaces or provides positioning data based on signals from at leastone GPS satellite; retrieving, by the server from a golf course datastorage device, golf course difficulty information associated with thegolf course played, wherein the golf course data storage device storesrespective golf course difficulty information for each of a plurality ofgolf courses, including information indicative of the difficulty of aset of tees at each golf course; receiving or determining grouping datadefining membership of at least one of the one or more teams in one ormore groups; receiving or determining at least one net score for the oneor more teams using the golf game data, the handicap data, the golfcourse difficulty information associated with the golf course played,and the team data, wherein the at least one net score is determinedbased on an adjusted net score for each golfer, and the adjusted scoreis determined using a course rating differential to take into accountthe difficulty of the one or more tees played by the each golfer; andproviding ranking information for the one or more teams based on theadjusted net score for each team.
 11. The method of claim 10, whereinthe course rating differential is determined by calculating thedifference between the COURSE RATING of the tees played and the standardpar of 36 for 9 holes and 72 for 18 holes, wherein each golfer's COURSEHANDICAP is adjusted by adding the course rating differential to eachgolfer's COURSE HANDICAP.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein theranking information includes net ranking based on the adjusted netscores of each golfer in each team.
 13. The method of claim 12, whereinthe net ranking is based on a predetermined number of the team's lowestadjusted net score.
 14. The method of claim 10, further comprising (a)receiving gross scores for each golfer in a team, (b) subtracting theCOURSE RATING of the tees played from a team's gross score, (c)multiplying the result of (b) by the standard SLOPE RATING for 18 holes,and (d) dividing the result of (c) by the SLOPE RATING of the teesplayed for the 9 or 18 hole round.
 15. The method of claim 14, furthercomprising subtracting the result of (d) from the standard par of 36 for9 holes and 72 for 18 holes, awarding points based on the results, andranking the teams based on the points awarded.
 16. The method of claim10, wherein the ranking information is determined based on adjusted netscores obtained from golfers competing multiple rounds of golf.
 17. Themethod of claim 16, wherein the multiple rounds of golf are completed atdifferent locations.
 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the multiplerounds of golf are completed at different times.
 19. A non-transitorycomputer readable medium having computer code stored therein, thecomputer code when executed by a server, causing the server to performoperations comprising: receiving, from at least one Global PositioningSystem (GPS)-enabled handheld device via a computer network, golf gamedata, handicap data, and team data for one or more golfers being part ofone or more teams, the golf game data including an identification of agolf course played by a golfer and one or more tees played by eachgolfer, wherein the at least one GPS-enabled handheld device allowsobtaining of the golf game data, the handicap data, and the team datausing one or more graphical user interfaces or provides positioning databased on signals from at least one GPS satellite; retrieving, from agolf course data storage device, golf course difficulty informationassociated with the golf course played, wherein the golf course datastorage device stores respective golf course difficulty information foreach of a plurality of golf courses, including information indicative ofthe difficulty of a set of tees at each golf course; receiving ordetermining grouping data defining membership of at least one of the oneor more teams in one or more groups; receiving or determining at leastone net score for the one or more teams using the golf game data, thehandicap data, the golf course difficulty information associated withthe golf course played, and the team data, wherein the at least one netscore is determined based on an adjusted net score for each golfer, andthe adjusted score is determined using a course rating differential totake into account the difficulty of the one or more tees played by theeach golfer; and providing ranking information for the one or more teamsbased on the adjusted net score for each team.
 20. The non-transitorycomputer readable medium of claim 19, wherein the course ratingdifferential is determined by calculating the difference between theCOURSE RATING of the tees played and the standard par of 36 for 9 holesand 72 for 18 holes, wherein each golfer's COURSE HANDICAP is adjustedby adding the course rating differential to each golfer's COURSEHANDICAP.